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Climate & Water
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Vocabulary Lists and Review
Interesting Links
Karst Topography - Ozark Region
Karst Topography - Florida
Natural Stone Bridge and Caves - Pottersville, NY
Howe Caverns - Online Tour
arid - a dry climate where the precipitation is less than the potential evapotranspiration for a large part of the year, producing a deficit of moisture and a drought much of the time
aquifer - a permeable layer of rock and sediment that stores and carries groundwater in enough quantity to supply wells
biome - a major region or community chiefly characterized by the plant and animal life of the region and impacted by the climate
capillarity - the process by which water is drawn into openings due to the attractive force between water molecules and the surrounding Earth materials
capillary action - the upward movement of water, against gravity, in part of the soil, loose materials, or bedrock due to capillarity; also called capillary migration
climate - the weather patterns of an area over a long period of time
climograph - a graph which shows the temperature range and P/Ep ratio for a region
continental climate - the climate of an inland region NOT moderated by a large body of water; characterized by hot summers and and cold winters, thus having a wide annual temperature range
desert - a region with an arid climate where the average yearly precipitation is much smaller than potential evapotranspiration
fauna - the animal life of a region or period of geologic time
flora - the collective plant
life of a region or period of geologic time
groundwater - water that enters and is stored in the ground
humid - a moist or wet climate where the precipitation is greater than
potential evapotranspiration on a yearly average hydrologic
cycle - a model, often a diagram, used to illustrate the movement and
changes of state (phase) of water at or near Earth's surface infiltration
- the process by which water enters the soil and becomes groundwater
karst topography - landscape characterized by sinkholes, sinkhole ponds,
lost rivers, and underground drainage; forms in areas with bedrock made of
calcite, dolomite, or other minerals that dissolve easily
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leeward - the side of a mountain away from the prevailing wind (air
sinks, compresses and warms)
marine climate - a coastal climate moderated by the effects of a large
body of water (ocean, lake or sea); warmer winters and colder summers than
similar inland latitudes; small annual temperature range
permeability - the rate at which water or other liquids pass through the
connected pore spaces of a material permeable - the
ability of a material to allow fluid to pass through it
planetary wind belts - east-west zones on Earth where the wind blows from
one direction much of the time; also prevailing winds
porosity - the percentage of a materials volume that is pore space, or open
space potential evapotranspiration - the amount of water
that would be lost from a portion of the Earth's surface through evaporation and
transpiration over a given period of time if the water were available runoff - all the natural liquid water flowing at Earth's
solid surface, including stream flow saturation - when the soil holds as much water as it can
stream discharge - the volume of water flowing past a certain spot in a
stream in a specific amount of time
water table - the upper surface of the zone of saturation
windward - the side of a mountain facing the prevailing wind (air rises,
expands, cools and condenses) zone of aeration - area where the spaces between
particles are filled partly with air and partly with water
zone of saturation - area where the spaces between particles are filled with
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